What brand safety means on TV screens
On the open web, brand safety mostly means keeping ads away from harmful content. In CTV it means that plus a stricter supply question: is this ad really running in the app it claims, on a real TV, in front of a human? Brand buyers pay CTV prices only when all three are verifiable. Your content ratings, genre metadata and channel description feed the first part; the technical files below feed the rest.
ads.txt and app-ads.txt
ads.txt is a plain text file on your web domain listing who is authorized to sell your inventory. app-ads.txt is the same file referenced from your app store listing, extending the standard to apps — essential in CTV, where inventory lives in apps rather than websites. Each line names an ad system, your account id, and the relationship: DIRECT or RESELLER. Publishing and maintaining these files is the single highest-leverage trust action a CTV publisher can take: buyers' systems check them automatically and drop unauthorized supply.
sellers.json and supply-chain transparency
sellers.json is the mirror file published by ad systems: it discloses who the sellers in a transaction are. Together with the SupplyChain object in bid requests, it lets a buyer trace every hop between their money and your screen. As a publisher you do not host sellers.json yourself — but you should verify that your monetization partners publish it correctly and that your account appears accurately, because opaque chains are increasingly blocked by demand-side filters.
CTV fraud: what actually happens
CTV fraud is mostly misrepresentation. Device spoofing — cheap mobile or server traffic pretending to be a TV — is the classic scheme, because CTV CPMs are high. App spoofing disguises one app as a premium one. Server farms generate fake streams with fabricated measurement. The common thread: fraud breaks the link between the claimed impression and a real human watching a real TV. Buyers fight it with verification vendors, device-graph checks and supply-path filtering — which is why legitimate publishers must make their inventory easy to verify.
Verification and third-party measurement
Brand campaigns on CTV routinely require independent measurement: verification vendors confirm viewability, completion, fraud-free delivery and brand-safe context. Their measurement works through standards like OMID inside the player, or through server-side signals for SSAI. Publishers cannot opt out of this — but they can make verification easy: correct VAST event firing, accurate device and app identifiers in every ad request, and stable SSAI measurement. Verified inventory sells; unverifiable inventory gets filtered.
What we check before connecting demand
Before demand is connected to a new CTV source, the review covers: app-ads.txt published and matching; content uniqueness and rights clarity; audience quality signals (session patterns, GEO consistency, device distribution); correct VAST responses with full measurement; and no signs of device spoofing or manufactured traffic. Sources that pass get scored continuously afterwards — quality is a standing condition, not a one-time gate. What buyers require from your specific setup is confirmed during onboarding.
FAQ
Q.Is ads.txt really mandatory in CTV?
Effectively yes. Major brand demand is filtered through app-ads.txt and sellers.json checks, and unverified apps are excluded before price is even considered. It is a small file with outsized revenue impact.
Q.What is the difference between DIRECT and RESELLER lines?
DIRECT means you have a direct account with the ad system listed. RESELLER means the system sells your inventory through an intermediary. Both are legitimate — accuracy is what matters, because buyers compare the files against the actual supply chain.
Q.Can fraud happen to an honest publisher?
Yes — fraudsters can spoof your app's identity, selling fake inventory under your name. Current app-ads.txt files and accurate store listings are your defense: they make the fake supply fail verification while yours passes.
Q.What is device spoofing?
Traffic that reports itself as a smart TV while actually coming from phones, emulators or servers. It exists because TV impressions sell at a premium. Verification vendors detect it through device-graph and behavior analysis.
Q.Does SSAI make fraud harder or easier?
Both. SSAI hides ad calls from the device, which blocks some client-side abuse but creates room for server-side fabrication — which is why buyers demand reliable server-side measurement and why reputable SSAI setups include client confirmation beacons.
Q.What brand-safety controls can I offer advertisers?
Genre and content-rating metadata per channel or show, category exclusions, and accurate app identity. These controls make your inventory eligible for more campaigns, not just safer.
Q.How often should app-ads.txt be updated?
Whenever your monetization setup changes — a new partner, a removed partner, an account change. A stale file that lists departed partners or omits current ones directly suppresses demand.
Q.Does Mobadly require these files?
Yes — verification files are a condition of connecting demand, and the review also covers audience quality and measurement correctness. Specific commercial terms are agreed individually after the review.
Become a publisher